Summer of the Gods Essay Example for Free

Summer of the Gods Essay The Butler Act refers to the law prohibiting teachers in Tennessee to teach their students, theories that purport to go against the creation theory as found in the bible. It prohibits teaching of any theory that would allude to the notion that man has gradually evolved from a lower primate. This law passed in January 1925. The passing of this law sparked a lot of controversy pitting more than half of the Christians living in the state of Tennessee against political and civil rights activists. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) had been vehemently opposed to this act and vowed to offer its services in defense of any teachers accused of violating the Butler Act. It is in the bid to accomplish this that ACLU and other civil rights activists placed an advert seeking for a volunteer teacher. John Scopes responded and volunteered to test the act. A case was built out of this on the belief that Scopes had indeed taught against the creation theory to his student in Clark County High School. Scopes with the help of the civil right movements deliberately incriminated himself in the greater mission of bringing to the public limelight the unfairness of this act and how it was a grave violation of a teacher’s freedom. The trial that would follow would see the meeting of great legal minds. One of this was Clarence Darrow,a self proclaimed atheist and William Jennings Bryan, assisting the prosecution at the request of the World Christian Fundamental Association. A look at this trial indicates that Scopes was just being used as pawn in what had become an ideological turf of war as demonstrated by the sort of the high profile personalities it attracted. William Jennings Bryan had been alleged to have been instrumental on drafting the Butler Act in the belief that citizens should have a say in what was taught in schools. Clarence volunteered to join the defense to further use it as a forum to propagate his beliefs and attack the basis of Butler Act especially the foundation of Christian beliefs. The American Civil Liberties Union on the hand was seeking to mount its opposition and challenge the constitutionality of the Butler Act. (Carson 91) Clarence Darrow was highly agonistic and used this trial to attack the fundamental Christians. It is to be noted that the main aim of the trial as projected by ACLU was to defend Scopes by invalidating the Butler Act. However, Clarence Darrow would go ahead and take it to a level where he sought to invalidate Christian teachings, a radical shift and diversion from ACLU key intention. Darrow’s argument in courts and his cross examination of William Jennings Bryan was supposed to be a clear illustration of his stand. In this cross examination and the argument regarding whether the Jonah was swallowed by a big fish or by a whale was supposed to invalidate the bible and hence attack the very foundation of Christianity, diminishing its importance and hence the Creation theory. This trial, as Carson says, was important not only to Darrow and ACLU but even to the rest of the Americans. It sought to embody the characteristically American struggle between liberty and majoritarian democracy (265). Darrow had an intention of throwing a spanner in the already turbulent debate that had dominated the public domain for long; science and religion. The stand of ACLU was that the Butler act was inappropriate and unconstitutional, it impeded on teachers independence and freedom of imparting knowledge to the students. They agreed that teaching of evolution theory did not in any way contradict the teachings in the bible but rather was merely giving a science perspective of the origin of man to students (Carson 89). Darrow’s cross examination of Bryan was meant to cast a doubt to Bryan’s convictions in the biblical teachings. Bryan was fronting an argument that Butler Act was but a well meaning effort by the legislature to have a say in the curriculum that students were exposed to. Clarence Darrow was maintaining that the arguments given by the prosecution were invalid. He saw the Butler Act as an unconstitutional strategy by the legislature to promote the views of one religious group over others. Butler Act had outlawed any teaching that was contrary to the biblical teachings. The Scopes trial brought a lot of attention to the issues of evolution and biblical teachings. It is this trial that would ignite and spark a far reaching debate wishing to delink religious views from science. The defense was trying to argue that Scopes was trying to teach the various perspectives of the origin of man and not seeking to contradict biblical teachings. It was been by Christian fundamentalists as a wider war on culture. Teaching of evolution theory was seen as way of putting into disrepute the biblical teachings. Most religious groups have come to note that this debate is inevitable and have demanded that evolution theory be taught as one of the many theories of the origin of mankind but not be taught as a scientific fact. Works cited Edward J. Larson. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. Basic Books New York, NY, 1997, 99-269

Marriage in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Marriage in Othello  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marriage is a part of life. Something that many people, if not everybody, look foward to. Marriage is a sacred thing, it is when two people dedicate their life to their love of their life. Your whole life revolves around it as evrything you do and evrything that happens affects your marriage. It is dedication, to live your whole life next to your partner making tough and easy decicions. There are going to be good times and there are going to be tough and difficult times. Regardless of what comes, you stick through it and side by side you support each other and stay together. Or do you? Many times the struggles and the pressure is too much for many marriages. The experiences that they go through is sometimes too much for a couple to handle and this causes a lot of stress and problems between the two. Sometimes the problems are so strong that it brakes up the marriage and they both go their seperate ways. Maybe their love wasn't strong enough. Maybe their commitment wasn't strong enough. Depending on your definition of love. Love can be very tricky sometimes. It can evenm blid a man from seing reality and it takes him far apart from the real world. He lives in a strange state of mind where what seems obvious to everybody else, can be overlooked by his or her love. Shakespeare uses jeoulousy as the biggest test of love in the book Othello. Is jeoulousy strong enogh to brake a marriage such as the one between Othello and Desdemona. They are both deeply in love with each other. How about love being blind? Was Emilia blind from reality because she was so in love with her husband Iago? We have learned the tragical ending of the book. Unfortunate ending for both marriages. Before discussing the ending, lets discuss the facts and the event that lead up to the ending. What was it that caused such a tragic ending? We already know that Desdemona was devoted to the love of her life, Othello, the General that made his friend Cassio Lt. So why would Iago want to brake up the marriage of Othello and Desdemona? Othello and Cassio were really close friends for many years. Cassio was the one that helped Othello get Desdemona's love. Iago, was also Othello's friend, and Othello did trust him a lot.

Maths Research and budgeting

Starr full time earning $17. 50/hrs working 40 hours a week with a net Income of $32, 841. I need to buy a car wealth my price range to make sure I can get to work on time. Starr is approximately km away from home so driving to and from work will approximately be km a day. Working 5 days a week in total I will be traveling km.I choose a 2014 Mediumistic Mirage Sport LA that costs $9,990 because it is fuel efficient, runs well, parts are easy to find and reasonably cheap, I eve Mediumistic and the look of this particular car, I have friends that own this car and they say It Is the most reliable car they have ever owned, It Is small but has lots of room with a massive boot space which is 235 liters (plenty of room for the shopping it is easier to park into tight spots and has the power of a sports vehicle.The car has a USB port inbuilt to the stereo, Bluetooth for hands free phone calls, CD player, MPH/ AX compatible, ABS, cup holders, power windows, 5 star UNCAP rating and 6 airbags o r added safety. It comes with 5 years warranty or 130,000 kilometers and 5 years road side assistance. This mirage is a 5 speed manual hatch back, 5 doors, and 5 starter car. It's a front wheel drive with a 3 cylinder 1. AL petrol engine, the rims are steel and tire size is 195/65 ROR and diameter being xx, it is silver in color.The approximate cost of running this vehicle will be $69 per smokes. At current petrol prices it will cost around $51 to fill the tank at 35 liters. Driving to and from work at bout skims per week will cost around $14 in fuel, adding in weekend driving at about skims for Saturday and Sunday it should only cost me $21 a week in fuel. Registration for this vehicle for 12 months will cost about $1200 with green slip being $578, pink slip $35 and registration approximately $530. Comprehensive Insurance will cost $64. 0 per month going through Budget Direct as the insurer. Maintaining this car with a full service every smokes for 12 months will cost $750 if taken to a mechanic but If you know what you're doing when servicing a car you can buy the arts and do the service yourself at a much lower price. The cost of running this car per year will cost $3,816 without any unexpected repairs or failures. My other expenses Include rent being $70 per week, food costing around $50 per week, entertainment $100, savings account $50, and miscellaneous $50.I have learnt that this type of car is relevant for my situation as it is, very affordable, economic and efficient. It comes with the 5 year warranty so if anything went wrong in the first 5 years it's not a cost that I would have to deal with. It has low carbon emissions, which makes it better for the environment and knowing that I have the 5 year road side assistance for the next 5 years gives me piece of mind that I will not be stranded and late for work.This assignment has taught me that shopping around Is an Important factor as you need to consider reliability, affordability and economics not jus t looks. You can find bargains out there and it can take time but if you make the right purchase you will never regret spending your entire savings on a brand new car as I ill have it for a longer period of time and is reasonably cheap to maintain.I did enjoy this assignment as I learnt about budgeting, how to research what car would be right for my Immediate and future needs, efficiency, fuel consumption and carbon the following: cardioids. Com. AU Redbook. Com. AU gummier. Com. AU mutinous. Com. AU arms. News. Gob. AU grisliness's. Com. AU facilitator. Com. AU compartmented. Com. AU Below are pictures of the Mediumistic Mirage I have chosen to purchase.

Education Is The Most Powerful Weapon - 1373 Words

â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world† (Nelson Mandela). United States. has a powerful educational arsenal, its community colleges. For the reason being, community college should be free for students of less fortunate and other students who cannot afford college after high school. If the government proposed free community college to the students, each and everyone will have the chance to get an education as well the opportunity to have a better future. Free community college is a really important matter that will not be solved in a year, It is an extensive idea of the United States and it s not a partial matter. It s an American issue about how we re going to be as one nation. Who are we providing for and†¦show more content†¦Students drop out of college, and the problem is usually time and money. Those who are able to take out loans for college also are required to pay the money back. Besides that, most employers do not allow work ers to change their schedule when student need to change it. Some students who drop out of college eventually return back to finish their degree, but most of them don t ever re-enroll back again. If the government proposed free community college to its students, everyone will happily attend college and get an education without the frustration of paying tuition fees or any other bills that have to do with college. Although, Government offers free education to students with great academic performance and talents, but are not considering all the students that cannot afford education. Another key difference between the students from a rich family and students of a poor family is that rich kids can attend college and get their education with no exasperation while the poor kids struggle to get their education. â€Å"The high sticker price of the universities is cited as a huge barrier to educating lower-income students while loans end up filling the gaps in student aid, which don t cover other associated costs. For instance, at a public university such as the University of California, Berkeley, the top public university in the U.S., tuition is $13,878. However, the total cost of attendance with books, supplies, room and board and transportation